Check the time:

1. Define `$hour` (24-hour format).
2. If less than 12, print "Good morning".
3. If between 12 and 18, print "Good afternoon".
4. Otherwise, print "Good evening".

<?php
$hour = 14;

if ($hour < 12) {
    echo "Good morning";
} elseif ($hour < 18) {
    echo "Good afternoon";
} else {
    echo "Good evening";
}
?>

Choose a favorite color:

1. Define `$favColor`.
2. Use `switch` to check its value.
3. If "red" print "Red", if "blue" print "Blue".
4. Default case prints "Other color".

<?php
$favColor = "red";

switch ($favColor) {
    case "red":
        echo "Red";
        break;
    case "blue":
        echo "Blue";
        break;
    default:
        echo "Other color";
}
?>

Print numbers from 1 to 5:

1. Use a `for` loop.
2. Print each number on its own line.

<?php
for ($i = 1; $i <= 5; $i++) {
    echo $i . "<br>";
}
?>

Count down from 5 to 1:

1. Use a `while` loop.
2. Print each number.

<?php
$count = 5;
while ($count >= 1) {
    echo $count . "<br>";
    $count--;
}
?>

Loop through an array of names:

1. Define `$names = ["Ali", "Sara", "Omar"]`.
2. Use `foreach` to print each name.

<?php
$names = ["Ali", "Sara", "Omar"];

foreach ($names as $name) {
    echo $name . "<br>";
}
?>

Work with an indexed array:

1. Create `$fruits = ["Apple", "Banana", "Orange"]`.
2. Print the second element.
3. Add "Grape" to the array.

<?php
$fruits = ["Apple", "Banana", "Orange"];

echo $fruits[1]; // Banana

$fruits[] = "Grape";
print_r($fruits);
?>

Create an associative array:

1. Create `$user = ["name" => "Ali", "age" => 25]`.
2. Print the name.
3. Update the age to 26.

<?php
$user = ["name" => "Ali", "age" => 25];

echo $user["name"];
$user["age"] = 26;
print_r($user);
?>

Use array functions:

1. Count elements of `$numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]`.
2. Check if 3 exists in the array.
3. Sort the array ascending.

<?php
$numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4];

echo count($numbers); // 4
var_dump(in_array(3, $numbers)); // true
sort($numbers);
print_r($numbers);
?>

Work with a nested array:

1. Create `$students = [["name" => "Ali"], ["name" => "Sara"]]`.
2. Print the first student name.

<?php
$students = [["name" => "Ali"], ["name" => "Sara"]];

echo $students[0]["name"]; // Ali
?>

Loop through an associative array:

1. Create `$product = ["name" => "Phone", "price" => 500]`.
2. Use `foreach` to print each key and value.

<?php
$product = ["name" => "Phone", "price" => 500];

foreach ($product as $key => $value) {
    echo $key . ": " . $value . "<br>";
}
?>