معاملات IN و BETWEEN في SQL

SELECT column1, column2
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IN (value1, value2, value3, ...);

SELECT name, city FROM students
WHERE city = 'الرياض' OR city = 'جدة' OR city = 'مكة';

SELECT name, city FROM students
WHERE city IN ('الرياض', 'جدة', 'مكة');

+----+-----------+-----+--------+--------+
| id | name      | age | city   | grade  |
+----+-----------+-----+--------+--------+
| 1  | أحمد      | 20  | الرياض | A      |
| 2  | فاطمة     | 19  | جدة    | B      |
| 3  | محمد      | 21  | الرياض | A      |
| 4  | سارة      | 20  | مكة    | C      |
| 5  | علي       | 22  | جدة    | B      |
| 6  | نورة      | 19  | الدمام | A      |
+----+-----------+-----+--------+--------+

SELECT name, city FROM students
WHERE city IN ('الرياض', 'جدة');

+-----------+--------+
| name      | city   |
+-----------+--------+
| أحمد      | الرياض | ✓
| فاطمة     | جدة    | ✓
| محمد      | الرياض | ✓
| علي       | جدة    | ✓
+-----------+--------+
4 rows in set

SELECT name, grade FROM students
WHERE grade IN ('A', 'B');

+-----------+--------+
| name      | grade  |
+-----------+--------+
| أحمد      | A      | ✓
| فاطمة     | B      | ✓
| محمد      | A      | ✓
| علي       | B      | ✓
| نورة      | A      | ✓
+-----------+--------+
5 rows in set

SELECT name, age FROM students
WHERE age IN (19, 20);

+-----------+-----+
| name      | age |
+-----------+-----+
| أحمد      | 20  | ✓
| فاطمة     | 19  | ✓
| سارة      | 20  | ✓
| نورة      | 19  | ✓
+-----------+-----+
4 rows in set

SELECT name, city FROM students
WHERE city NOT IN ('الرياض', 'جدة');

+-----------+--------+
| name      | city   |
+-----------+--------+
| سارة      | مكة    | ✓
| نورة      | الدمام | ✓
+-----------+--------+
2 rows in set

SELECT column1, column2
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2;

SELECT name, age FROM students
WHERE age >= 19 AND age <= 21;

SELECT name, age FROM students
WHERE age BETWEEN 19 AND 21;

+-----------+-----+
| name      | age |
+-----------+-----+
| أحمد      | 20  | ✓ (19 ≤ 20 ≤ 21)
| فاطمة     | 19  | ✓ (19 ≤ 19 ≤ 21)
| محمد      | 21  | ✓ (19 ≤ 21 ≤ 21)
| سارة      | 20  | ✓ (19 ≤ 20 ≤ 21)
| نورة      | 19  | ✓ (19 ≤ 19 ≤ 21)
+-----------+-----+
5 rows in set

-- علي (22) لم يظهر لأن 22 > 21

+----+------------------+--------+
| id | name             | price  |
+----+------------------+--------+
| 1  | لابتوب Dell      | 3500   |
| 2  | ماوس لاسلكي      | 50     |
| 3  | لوحة مفاتيح      | 120    |
| 4  | شاشة Samsung     | 800    |
| 5  | سماعات           | 150    |
| 6  | كاميرا ويب       | 200    |
+----+------------------+--------+

SELECT name, price FROM products
WHERE price BETWEEN 100 AND 500;

+------------------+--------+
| name             | price  |
+------------------+--------+
| لوحة مفاتيح      | 120    | ✓
| سماعات           | 150    | ✓
| كاميرا ويب       | 200    | ✓
+------------------+--------+
3 rows in set

SELECT order_id, order_date, total FROM orders
WHERE order_date BETWEEN '2024-01-01' AND '2024-01-31';

SELECT name, price FROM products
WHERE price NOT BETWEEN 100 AND 500;

+------------------+--------+
| name             | price  |
+------------------+--------+
| لابتوب Dell      | 3500   | ✓ (أكبر من 500)
| ماوس لاسلكي      | 50     | ✓ (أقل من 100)
| شاشة Samsung     | 800    | ✓ (أكبر من 500)
+------------------+--------+
3 rows in set

SELECT name, age, city FROM students
WHERE age BETWEEN 19 AND 20 AND city = 'الرياض';

+-----------+-----+--------+
| name      | age | city   |
+-----------+-----+--------+
| أحمد      | 20  | الرياض | ✓ (20 في النطاق + الرياض)
+-----------+-----+--------+
1 row in set

SELECT name, age, city FROM students
WHERE city IN ('الرياض', 'جدة') AND age BETWEEN 19 AND 20;

+-----------+-----+--------+
| name      | age | city   |
+-----------+-----+--------+
| أحمد      | 20  | الرياض | ✓
| فاطمة     | 19  | جدة    | ✓
+-----------+-----+--------+
2 rows in set

SELECT name, price, category FROM products
WHERE price BETWEEN 100 AND 1000 
  AND category IN ('الكترونيات', 'اكسسوارات');

-- سيء: طويل
WHERE status = 'active' OR status = 'pending' OR status = 'review'

-- جيد: قصير
WHERE status IN ('active', 'pending', 'review')

-- يشمل 10 و 20
WHERE age BETWEEN 10 AND 20

-- مساوٍ لـ:
WHERE age >= 10 AND age <= 20

-- ✓ صحيح: القيمة الأصغر أولاً
WHERE age BETWEEN 10 AND 20

-- ✗ خطأ: القيمة الأكبر أولاً (لن يُرجع نتائج)
WHERE age BETWEEN 20 AND 10

SELECT 
    order_id,
    customer_name,
    city,
    total,
    order_date
FROM orders
WHERE order_date BETWEEN '2024-01-01' AND '2024-01-31'
  AND city IN ('الرياض', 'جدة', 'مكة')
  AND total BETWEEN 100 AND 5000;

SELECT name, age, city, grade FROM students
WHERE grade IN ('A', 'A+')
  AND age BETWEEN 18 AND 22
  AND city IN ('الرياض', 'جدة', 'الدمام');